In the last 12 months, Lisa Feit in Commack, New York, has seen longtime friendships fizzle. In Atlanta, Joy Metzler cut short a military career and no longer feels she can be herself with her family.

Since last Oct. 7, people across the country have endured antisemitic epithets, anti-Muslim rhetoric and near-violence. Parents have pulled children from school districts. Careerists have left jobs. College students have been suspended or had their degrees withheld.